Effect of Locally Administered Denosumab on Bone Graft Healing in Rabbit Critical-Size Calvarial Defects.

Background/Aim: Denosumab is a human monoclonal immunoglobulin G2 antibody developed from the ovarian cells of Chinese hamsters. We aimed to histomorphometrically and radiologically evaluate the effects of xenografts used with local denosumab on the healing of defect sites using rabbit skulls. Materials and Methods: Two 10-mm diameter critical-size defects were created in 16 rabbits. The defect areas were filled with xenografts and xenograft + 3 mg denosumab in the control and denosumab groups (DEN), respectively. We evaluated new bone, residual graft, soft tissue areas, and bone volume in 4- and 8-week study groups. Results: Histomorphometrically, there were no statistically significant differences between groups at both 4 and 8 weeks regarding residual graft, new bone, and soft tissue area (p > 0.05). The 4-week residual graft control group values were significantly higher than the 8-week values (p < 0.05). The soft tissue area was significantly greater in the 4-week compared with the 8-week DEN group (p < 0.05). The radiologically measured total bone volume was significantly greater in the 8-week specimens than in the 4-week specimens (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, denosumab used locally with bone grafts, showed no direct effect on new and total bone volume.

Evaluation of patient satisfaction after botulinum toxin A injection for the management of masticatory myofascial pain and dysfunction - A pilot study.

Objective: To evaluate patient satisfaction with botulinum toxin type A injections for the management of masticatory myofascial pain and dysfunction. Methods: The study group included 25 patients with myofascial pain and dysfunction. Maximum mouth opening (MMO), measured with a ruler, and pain, measured on a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS), were assessed before treatment and six weeks after treatment. Satisfaction with the treatment, measured on a 10-cm VAS, was obtained six weeks post-treatment. Results: The mean satisfaction score six weeks post-injection was 6.74/10, with a significant improvement in both MMO and pain. Satisfaction was positively correlated with a decrease in pain. Discussion: Botulinum toxin type A injections were well tolerated for the treatment of masticatory myofascial pain and dysfunction in patients with temporomandibular disorder. Improvements were observed in both MMO and pain, with most patients satisfied with the management of pain.

Locally administrated single-dose teriparatide affects critical-size rabbit calvarial defects: A histological, histomorphometric and micro-CT study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of teriparatide (PTH 1-34, rhPTH) on a rabbit defect model with local xenogen grafts histomorphometrically and radiologically. METHODS: For this purpose, two 10 mm diameter critical-size defects were created in the calvaria of 16 rabbits. In the control group, the defect area was filled with a xenogen graft, while in the teriparatide group (PTH 1-34), a xenogen graft combination with 20 mcg teriparatide was used. For both 4 - week and 8 - week study groups, new bone, residual graft, and soft tissue areas were evaluated as well as bone volume histomorphometrically and radiologically. RESULTS: Histomorphometrically, there was a significant difference in new bone area values at the 8th week (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 4 - week values (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups at both 4 and 8 weeks (p > 0.05). In the radiologically measured total bone volume values, PTH1-34 group values were found to be significantly higher for both 4 - and 8 - weeks values compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, rhPTH, which is used locally in defect areas to be repaired with bone grafts, increases both new bone volume and total bone volume.

Comparison between peri-implant bone level changes of implants placed during and 3 months after iliac bone grafting.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the peri-implant bone level changes of implants placed during and 3 months after bone grafting from the iliac crest. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 103 implants were placed: 42 during the grafting and 61 at 3 months after the grafting procedure. All patients were grafted with iliac bone from the anterosuperior iliac crest. Bone resorption was evaluated with cone beam computed tomography in all patients at their last control visit. Periodontal health was assessed via the gingival and plaque indices and pocket depths around the dental implants. RESULTS: Mean bone resorption values at the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal sides of the implants were 1.08 mm, 0.36 mm, 0.30 mm, and 0.25 mm, respectively, in the delayed group, and 1.87 mm, 1.25 mm, 0.92 mm, and 1.23 mm, respectively, in the simultaneous group; the differences between the groups were significant. There were no significant between-group differences in the gingival or plaque indices or pocket depths. The mean follow-up period was 29 months. CONCLUSIONS: For reconstructing atrophic jaws, bone grafting from the iliac crest and implant placement after 3 months is a reliable technique with a high success rate and less bone resorption.

Evaluation of osteoblastic activity in extraction sockets treated with platelet-rich fibrin

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) improved the healing of extraction sockets. Study DESIGN: A total of 20 patients with bilateral soft tissue impacted mandibular third molars were included in this study. The left and right third molars were extracted during the same session. Subsequently, the PRF membrane was randomly administered to one of the extraction sockets, whereas the contralateral sockets were left without treatment. On postoperative 30. and 90. days, panoramic images and bone scintigrams were taken to evaluate the bone healing between PRF-treated and non-PRF-treated sockets. Also, periodontal evaluation was performed in the same control sessions. Dependent group t test for paired samples was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average increase in technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake as an indication of enhanced bone healing did not differ significantly between PRF-treated and non-PRF-treated sockets 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Radioopacity that can show the bone healing on panoramic images were measured by Image J programme and they did not differ significantly. Also periodontal values did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: PRF might not lead to enhanced bone healing in impacted mandibular third molar extraction sockets30 and 90 days after surgery. It is thought that PRF has the potential characteristics of an autologous fibrin matrix and can accelerate the healing. To better understand the effects of PRF on healing, further research is warranted with larger sample sizes

Evaluation of osteoblastic activity in extraction sockets treated with platelet-rich fibrin.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of platelet rich fibrin (PRF) improved the healing of extraction sockets. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 20 patients with bilateral soft tissue impacted mandibular third molars were included in this study. The left and right third molars were extracted during the same session. Subsequently, the PRF membrane was randomly administered to one of the extraction sockets, whereas the contralateral sockets were left without treatment. On postoperative 30. and 90. days, panoramic images and bone scintigrams were taken to evaluate the bone healing between PRF-treated and non-PRF-treated sockets. Also, periodontal evaluation was performed in the same control sessions. Dependent group t test for paired samples was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average increase in technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake as an indication of enhanced bone healing did not differ significantly between PRF-treated and non-PRF-treated sockets 30 and 90 days postoperatively. Radio-opacity that can show the bone healing on panoramic images were measured by Image J programme and they did not differ significantly. Also periodontal values did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: PRF might not lead to enhanced bone healing in impacted mandibular third molar extraction sockets 30 and 90 days after surgery. It is thought that PRF has the potential characteristics of an autologous fibrin matrix and can accelerate the healing. To better understand the effects of PRF on healing, further research is warranted with larger sample sizes.